Land-drain.



E. W. APPELMAN.

LAND DRAIN. APPLICATION FILED JAN. 11, 1911.

1,015,530. Patented Jan. 23,

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ERASTUS W. APPELMAN, 0F CLERMONT, IO'WA, ASSIGNOR TO B. F. BLOCKLINGER, TRUSTEE.

LAND-DRAIN.

Application filed January 11 1911. Serial No. 602 125 p REISSUED To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, EnAsrUs WV. APPEL- MAN, citizen of the United States, residing at Glermont, in the county of Fayette and State of Iowa, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Land-Drains, of which the following is a specification.

I Y invention has relation to devices for draining land and the object is.to provide means for preventing all clogging or freezing of the drain pipe and to collect the moisure from a wide range of soil.

A further object is to so anchor the device beneath the surface of the ground andwhen so set, there will. be no danger of the soil packing around the drainer and thereby destroying its usefulness. g

It consists in sinking a preferably porous drain into the ground until it reaches either water or porous earth, then supplying it with a cap which keeps soil awayfrom the opening and permits only water, filtered through the soil, to enter the drain;

It further consists in forming and maintaining a space near-the top of the drain which in practice has a tendency to produce a partial vacuum whereby the moisture is drawn from a large distance around and the soil is kept from packing so that-it will always be free to filter to the best advantage. The mode of construction and manner of operation. will be fully set out in the follow- .ing specification when read in connect-ion with the drawings accompanying the same and forming a part hereof.

Figure 1. is a vertical section of the device in position for use. Fig. 2 is a perspective view of thecap with the cover removed. Fig. 3 is a cross section through line a-m of Fig. 2.

Like characters of reference denote corresponding parts in each. of the figures.

Referring to the drawings, 2 designates a drain inserted in the ground a. This drain is preferably made circularin form, of terra cotta, cement or some otherporous material, and also preferably made in sections one set upon the other. It extends down through the harder material of the ground till it reaches water or porous earth.' On the tpp of this drain is set a tile 5, to which is se cured near its lower end, supports 6 preferably three in number which are of wedge shape at the top 8 and provided with a Specification of Letters Patent.

PatentedJan. 23, 1912.

shoulder 10. These supports may also be made of the same material as the tile 5 and be cast or molded integral therewith. Upon these shoulders 10 of the supports 6 rests a circular soil fender 12 which extends above the top of the tube 5, about the same distance as the distance from the shoulders 10 to the base of the tile Upon the top of the tile 5v are set a plurality of members 1 L also provided with shoulders 15, and arms 16 that extend down along the outer side of the tile 5 and serve to keep the tile 5 and the soil fender 12 at the same distance apart entirely around the tile 5 and also these members further serve to support the cap subsequently to be described.

For the purpose of causing a tendency toward a Vacuum around the soil fender 12 and also toprevent the packing of the soil around said fender there is provided a cover orcircular cap 20 of convex Form which extends out beyond the soil tender for considerable distance preferably as much beyond the soil tender as half of the diameter of said tender but it may extend less or more.

This cover rests upon the top of the soil fender and the members 14. Through the cover there are 4 holes in which are inserted wires 22 that. extend down within'the tender and upon opposite sides of the tile 5 and drain 2, and are united together at the top by a twist 25 in the wire. This rigidly holds the cap upon the fender and members 14 and also holds the sections of the drain 2- together, making one continuous tile from the top of tile 5 to the bottom of drain It also serves to keep the lower section of the pipe 2 in position, as when a large amount of water has passed through the pipe 2 it may have washed out or disarranged the support of the pipe in the ground.

The manner of assembling and using this device is as follows. A circular opening 21 of the size of the cover 20 is sunk in the ground to the depth of something more than the distance from. the top of the cover to the top of the drain 2. In the center of this opening is bored another hole of the size of the drain 2, to such depth as will reach water or porous earth, then the sections or the drain 2 are threaded on wires 22 and sunk ferent sections of the the wires, the tile 5 and anchors said tube are twisted until they rigidly unite the difmembers 14 and the cover firmly together. This leaves, as will be noticed, the space entirely around the fender 12 of the size of I the fender 12 and this the cover. The earth is then placed ,upon the cover 20 and it is buried to the depth of one or morefeet according as the necessities of the soil and surroundings demand, to keep it from freezing, and also from packing too tightly. -When it is set, the moisture will percolate or filter into the space 21 until that is nearly filled and then the water will pass 'up between'the tile 5 and the soil tender and between the members 14 and into the tile 5 and out at the base 36 of the'drain 2 into the surrounding soil,

If the soil around the space 21 be of sand or other earth that will not sustain itself, then there may be placed against the wall another soil fender or other stay that will readily allow the water to pass through into the space 21.- And it will be seen that by 'means-ofthe extension of the cover beyond mode of uniting together and adjusting the various parts that there will be produced beneath that cover a substantial tendency toward a vacuum whereby it will, after it has once been filled, draw the -moisture from a large distance around the device and all of the Water that is carried in will be filtered Water, and hence will not clog in any way the drain 2 or thetile 5, and if the space 21 should be partially filled with earth it would not pack but would remain loose and porous and give a'good filter into the pipe 5. Further, on account of this tendency to produce a vacuum and the cover there would be no packing of the soil for some distance around the device so as to prevent the free filteringof the Water.

All ofthe devices including the different sections of the drain 2, the tile 5, and ,the

soil fender 12 are preferably of porous material and hence there would be more or less of" the moisture from the soil that "would enter through those into the drain 2 and this would draw the moisture from a large distance around the device. It will be seen by this mode 02f construction and use that there will be no freezing or clogging of the drain since the parts are set deep enough inthe soil to prevent such freezing, and the draining will go on as well in the winter season as at anyother time and the soil can be worked over the top of the device as soil that needs nodraining.

pipe-2, the tile 5, the

It'is manilest that the drain '2, the tile 5' around the upper end of the drain and means in connection with the soil fender for causing a tendency'toward a vacuum around the soil fender. 5

2. In a device of the class described, a drain sunk in the ground, a soil fender around the upper end of the and extending abovesaid drain and a cover upon the fender'and over the drain, extending out from and beyond the upper edge around said fender. j

3. In a device of the class described, a drain set in the ground, atile upon the drain, a soil fender around the tile and means in connection with the soil tender for forming at times apartial vacuum around said fender.

4. In a device of the class described, a drain set in the ground, a tile upon the drain, soil fender around the tile, and a cover over the tile and upon the topof the soil fender-projecting beyond the upper edge around said fender.

5. Ina device of the class described, a

drain sunk in the ground, a soil tender aroundthe upper end of the drain and.extending above the drain, the drain upon which the fender rests, and a cover over the drain and upon the soil fender extending beyond and around the upper edge of the tender and when sunk in the earth, adapted to form a partial vacuum beneath the cover around the fender. 6. In a device of the class described, a drain sunk in the ground, a soil fender around the upper portion ofsaid drain and extending above the between the drain and fenderfand a cap resting upon the members and beyond and aroundthe fender.

7. In a device. of the class described, a drain sunk inthe to the drain, a soil fender around the upper portion of the drain and resting upon the supports, members inserted between the drain and soil fender, drain extending out from-and around said fender.

A 8. In a device of the class described, a drain sunk in the ground, a soil fender surrounding the drain and extending above the top of the same, a cover over. the drain and upon the top of the'fender-and projecting out from and around the tender, and means proj ecting secured to the cover and the drain 'for holdsupports engaging and a'co'ver over the same, member's inserted lit ground, supports attached re ated 7, ing the drain, the cover and the fender rigidly together.

9. In a'idevice of the class described, av

drain sunk in the. ground, with a space in the ground around its upper portion, a soil fender around the drainwithin the space and extending above the drain, and a cover over said soil fender and covering the space around'said fender and all inclosed within the ground.

10. In a device of the class described, a drain sunk in the ground wit a space around the upper portion of the drain, a fender set around the drain within said space and extending above the drain, and a copies of this patent maybe obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Washington, 2D. 0.

'cover upon .the fender and projectingover and covering the space around the fender. 11. In adeviceof the character described, a drain sunk in. the ground, a soil fender above the drain, a cover above the soil 20 fender, and means in connection with the cover and soil fender for forming at times a partial vacuum around the soil fender "and beneath the cover;

Intestimony whereof I aflix my signature 'asin'presence of two witnesses.

' ERASTUS W. APPELMAN.

Witnesses:

M. M; GADY,

A. B. 'HANSHAW. v

Commissioner of Patents 

